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When that project was shelved by Vice Admiral Adolf Zenker in favour of a more co-operative relationship with the British, Canaris began making deals. In the spring of 1924, Canaris was sent to Osaka, Japan, to supervise a secret U-boat construction program in direct violation of the Treaty of Versailles. In 1919, he married Erika Waag, also the child of an industrialist, with whom he had two children. He was also appointed to the adjutancy of Defence Minister Gustav Noske. He was a member of the military court that tried and executed the leftist revolutionaries Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg for their involvement in the Spartacist uprising. Interwar years ĭuring the German Revolution of 1918–19, Canaris helped organise the formation of Freikorps paramilitary units to suppress the communist revolutionary movements, which were attempting to spread the ideals of the Russian Revolution into Central European nations. As a naval officer of the old school, he had a great respect for Britain's Royal Navy, despite the rivalry between the two nations. Ĭanaris spoke six languages, including English, fluently. As a result of his exploits in Spain, he was awarded the Iron Cross First Class. He ended the war as a U-boat commander from late 1917 in the Mediterranean and was credited with a number of sinkings and even came to the attention of the Kaiser. After being assigned to the Inspectorate of Submarines by the Naval Staff on 24 October 1916, he took up training for duty as a U-boat commander and graduated from Submarine School on 11 September 1917. Eventually, he was sent to Spain, where, in Madrid, his task was to provide clandestine reconnaissance over enemy shipping movements and to establish a supply service for U-boats serving in the Mediterranean. German plans to establish intelligence operations in the Mediterranean were under way and Canaris seemed a good fit for that role. Ĭanaris was then given intelligence work as a result of having come to the attention of German naval intelligence, possibly because of his clever escape from Chile. On the way, he called at several ports, including Plymouth in Great Britain. With the help of some German merchants he was able to return to Germany in October 1915. Most of the crew was interned in Chile in March 1915, but in August 1915, Canaris escaped by using his fluency in Spanish. While in the bay, Royal Navy ships approached and shelled the Dresden. This was the only warship that managed to evade the Royal Navy for a prolonged period during the Battle of the Falkland Islands of December 1914, largely because of Canaris's skilful evasion tactics.Īfter the Battle of Más a Tierra, the immobilized Dresden anchored in Cumberland Bay, Robinson Crusoe Island and contacted Chile with regard to internment. In 1905, at the age of 18, Canaris joined the Imperial Navy and, by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, was serving as an intelligence officer on board the SMS Dresden, a light cruiser to which he had been assigned in December 1911. His grandfather had converted from Catholicism to Lutheranism. However, according to Richard Bassett, a genealogical investigation in 1938 revealed that his family was actually of Northern Italian descent, was originally Canarisi, and had lived in Germany since the 17th century. On a visit to Corfu, he was given a portrait of the Greek hero, which he always kept in his office. Canaris believed that his family was related to the 19th-century Greek admiral and politician Konstantinos Kanaris, a belief that influenced his decision to join the Imperial German Navy. Canaris was born on 1 January 1887 in Aplerbeck (now a part of Dortmund) in Westphalia, the son of Carl Canaris, a wealthy industrialist, and his wife, Auguste (née Popp).